tower

A tower vessel (also referred to as "tower equipment") is a device used to perform physical processes such as separation or absorption, and to alter the composition of complex gas or liquid mixtures. It has a relatively large ratio of height to diameter, and is equipped with specific internal and external accessories. The internal components are designed to bring the gases and liquids, gases and solids, liquids and liquids, or liquids and solids in the material into close contact, with continuous surface renewal to complete the mass transfer process (usually accompanied by heat transfer).

A tower vessel is a process equipment with a cylindrical welded structure, composed of a cylinder body, a head (also called a cover) and supports. It is a non-standard equipment specially designed and manufactured to meet the requirements of a specific production process. As an upright equipment used for chemical unit operations such as distillation, purification, absorption, and rectification, towers are widely applied in mass transfer and heat transfer between gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phases. Classified by the structure of internal components, towers can be divided into tray towers and packed towers.

If a vessel only holds materials without undergoing chemical reactions or other physical and chemical processes, and has no facilities or only simple auxiliary structures, it is also called a tank. Vessels are divided into two categories by type: vertical vessels (with a vertical axis) and horizontal vessels (with a horizontal axis). Most tower vessels fall into the category of pressure vessels.